Dairy animal transportation through various modes

Introduction

Transportation refers to the movement of animals via one or more modes of transportation, as well as the associated procedures. It includes the time prior to loading, waiting intervals, transfer, rest periods, and unloading at the destination. The increased demand for proteins to feed the world’s ever-increasing population has forced the industrialization and transportation of livestock via various modes of transportation across multiple ecological zones with varying weather conditions. Accompanied by a certified health certificate demonstrating the animals’ suitability for transit and their freedom from any contagious or infectious disease; in the absence of this document, the carrier will refuse the consignment. Cattle that are hungry or thirsty should not be transported. Animals in advanced pregnancy should not be combined with young cattle to avoid cross-contamination. There are different mode of transportation of dairy animals from road, railways to airways.

1.Transport of animals by road or truck

This form of transportation is ideal for loading at the farm and direct transit to the market. The absence of regular handling and the consequent disruption prevents substantial weight loss. Poor road conditions and a longer distance to go result in a greater cost per km than railroads.

Precautions to be taken while transporting cattle by vehicle

1. There is need to use a specially equipped vehicle with a special type of tailgate and side pads.
2. Normal vehicles need to equip the floor with non-slip materials such as coconut mats and wooden boards, and if the superstructure is low, they need to be lifted.
3. Vehicle should not carry more than 6 cows in number.
4. Each vehicle must be equipped with an attendant
5. Do not load other goods into the vehicle while transporting livestock.
6. If possible, stand towards the engine so as not to surprise or injure the cow.

2.Transport of animals by train

Considerations while transporting the animal in a railway wagon includes:

1. The normal space to be given per cattle in railroad cart should not be under two square meters.
2. Suitable rope and stages ought to be utilized for stacking cows from vehicles.
3. The dropped entryway of the cart might be utilized as an incline while stacking or dumping is done to the stage.
4. Cattle will be stacked after they are appropriately taken care of and given water.
5. Cattle in cutting edge phase of pregnancy will not be blended in with younganimals to avoid rush during transportation.
6. Watering and taking care of plans on course will be made and adequate amounts of water will be conveyed for crisis.
7. Adequate ventilation will be guaranteed.
8. An standard merchandise cart will convey not in excess of ten grown-up cows or fifteen calves on expansive check, not in excess of six grown-up dairy cattle or ten calves on meter measure, or not multiple grown-up cattle or six calves on tight check.
9. Every cart conveying cows will have no less than one specialist.
10. Cattle will be stacked corresponding to the rails, confronting one another.
11. Padding like straw, will be put on the floor to keep away from injury in the event that a steers rests and this will not be under 6 cm thick.
12. To give sufficient ventilation, upper entryway of one side of the cart will be kept open appropriately fixed and the upper entryway of the cart will have wire measure firmly welded network plans to keep consuming soot from the motors entering the cart and prompting fire flare-up.
13. Cattle carts ought to be connected in the train.
14. Cattle-in-milk will be drained in some measure double a day and the calves will be given adequate amount of milk to drink.
15. Cattle might be moved during the evenings as it were.
16. During day time, if potential, they should be dumped, took care of, given water and rested and if in milk, draining will be done.

3.Transport of animal by Sea transport

Considerations looked out while transporting the animal through sea includes:

1. All ships itemized for conveying creatures will be assessed for fittings by a board comprising of a marine and a veterinary official.
2. The boat may ideally be of sanctuary deck type and have sufficient mechanical ventilation, great seepage and plans for practicing the creatures.
3. Providing extremely durable air trunks or electric powers on all decks will guarantee more ventilation.
4. Exhaust fans will be introduced to underneath out foul air.

4.Transport of animal by Air transport

Considerations taken care of while transporting the animal through air includes:

1. Animals are either gotten in boxes of 2 to 3 creatures each.
2. The floors of airplanes are given safeguarded by a thick layer of wood shavings and covered with polyethylene sheets. Sides of the body are very much cushioned.
3. All airplane for moving creatures will be reviewed for fitting and so forth, by a load up involving an aviation based armed forces and veterinary official.
4. Loading will be affected through inclines or lifts.
5. An specialist will go with the creature transfer.
6. A veterinary emergency treatment pack with the veterinarian will continuously be accessible in the airplane.
7. Coir matting will be put on the floor so that stacked creature doesn’t deliver any sound during venture.
8. Feed groups will be put in the middle of the rear legs and sides of the airplane.

General conditions to be considered  for transport of animals

1. Healthy animals ought to be moved and a certified veterinarian ought to affirm it
2. Young animals ought to be isolated from grown-up animals and progressed pregnant state animals ought to be isolated from different animals.
3. When animals are shipped from endemic region, important authorization ought to be acquired from concerned experts for appropriate ailment.
4. Fourteen days preceding transportation vital inoculation technique ought to be finished for the specific animals.
5. The vehicle ought to be inspected for tidiness, the floor and dividers will be intact and should be liberated from nails and other sharp edges.
6. The vehicle ought to be splashed with sanitizer arrangement. Adequate amount of feed and grain ought to be conveyed during transport.
7. Materials for bedding, for example, straw or feed ought to be put on the floor to stay away from injury and the sheet material ought not be under 5 cm thickness.
8. Animals during transport ought not be restricted at leg.
9. Each transfer will bear an intense red mark showing the accompanying specifics.
10. Number and sort of animals stacked.
11. Name and address and phone number of the distributor (shipper) and representative (beneficiary).
12. Quantity of apportion to be taken care of.
13. Consignee ought to be educated with regards to the train or vehicle in which the transfer of steers is sent and its appearance time ahead of time.
14. In instance of excursion for over 12 hours a chaperon should be available at constantly and ought to guarantee the appropriate conditions are kept up with during transport.
15. Cattle, sheep and goat ought to be dumped by like clockwork and ought to be watered.

Shwetambri Jamwal¹, Sadhana Tiwari¹,  Rajneesh², Akanksha Gupta¹, Nishtha Kushwah¹

1Ph.D. Scholar, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana ²Ph.D. Scholar, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, U.P